rmid - Starts the activation system daemon that enables objects to be registered and activated in a Java Virtual Machine (JVM).
rmid [options]The command-line options. See Options.
The rmid command starts the activation system daemon. The activation system daemon must be started before activatable objects can be either registered with the activation system or activated in a JVM. For details on how to write programs that use activatable objects, the Using Activation tutorial at http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/rmi/activation/overview.html
Start the daemon by executing the rmid command and specifying a security policy file, as follows:
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy=rmid.policyWhen you run Oracle’s implementation of the rmid command, by default you must specify a security policy file so that the rmid command can verify whether or not the information in each ActivationGroupDesc is allowed to be used to start a JVM for an activation group. Specifically, the command and options specified by the CommandEnvironment and any properties passed to an ActivationGroupDesc constructor must now be explicitly allowed in the security policy file for the rmid command. The value of the sun.rmi.activation.execPolicy property dictates the policy that the rmid command uses to determine whether or not the information in an ActivationGroupDesc can be used to start a JVM for an activation group. For more information see the description of the -J-Dsun.rmi.activation.execPolicy=policy option.
Executing the rmid command starts the Activator and an internal registry on the default port1098 and binds an ActivationSystem to the name java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem in this internal registry.
To specify an alternate port for the registry, you must specify the -port option when you execute the rmid command. For example, the following command starts the activation system daemon and a registry on the registry's default port, 1099.
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy=rmid.policy -port 1099An alternative to starting rmid from the command line is to configure inetd (Oracle Solaris) or xinetd (Linux) to start rmid on demand.
When RMID starts, it attempts to obtain an inherited channel (inherited from inetd/xinetd) by calling the System.inheritedChannel method. If the inherited channel is null or not an instance of java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel, then RMID assumes that it was not started by inetd/xinetd, and it starts as previously described.
If the inherited channel is a ServerSocketChannel instance, then RMID uses the java.net.ServerSocket obtained from the ServerSocketChannel as the server socket that accepts requests for the remote objects it exports: The registry in which the java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem is bound and the java.rmi.activation.Activator remote object. In this mode, RMID behaves the same as when it is started from the command line, except in the following cases:
Output printed to System.err is redirected to a file. This file is located in the directory specified by the java.io.tmpdir system property (typically /var/tmp or /tmp) with the prefix rmid-err and the suffix tmp.
The -port option is not allowed. If this option is specified, then RMID exits with an error message.
The -log option is required. If this option is not specified, then RMID exits with an error message
See the man pages for inetd (Oracle Solaris) or xinetd (Linux) for details on how to configure services to be started on demand.
Specifies an option that is passed as a command-line argument to each child process (activation group) of the rmid command when that process is created. For example, you could pass a property to each virtual machine spawned by the activation system daemon:
rmid -C-Dsome.property=valueThis ability to pass command-line arguments to child processes can be useful for debugging. For example, the following command enables server-call logging in all child JVMs.
rmid -C-Djava.rmi.server.logCalls=true
Specifies an option that is passed to the Java interpreter running RMID. For example, to specify that the rmid command use a policy file named rmid.policy, the -J option can be used to define the java.security.policy property on the rmid command line, for example:
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy-rmid.policy
Specifies the policy that RMID employs to check commands and command-line options used to start the JVM in which an activation group runs. Please note that this option exists only in Oracle's implementation of the Java RMI activation daemon. If this property is not specified on the command line, then the result is the same as though -J-Dsun.rmi.activation.execPolicy=default were specified. The possible values of policy can be default, policyClassName, or none.
default
The default or unspecified value execPolicy allows the rmid command to execute commands with specific command-line options only when the rmid command was granted permission to execute those commands and options in the security policy file that the rmid command uses. Only the default activation group implementation can be used with the default execution policy.
The rmid command starts a JVM for an activation group with the information in the group's registered activation group descriptor, an ActivationGroupDesc. The group descriptor specifies an optional ActivationGroupDesc.CommandEnvironment that includes the command to execute to start the activation group and any command-line options to be added to the command line. By default, the rmid command uses the java command found in java.home. The group descriptor also contains properties overrides that are added to the command line as options defined as: -D<property>=<value>.The com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecPermission permission grants the rmid command permission to execute a command that is specified in the group descriptor's CommandEnvironment to start an activation group. The com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission permission enables the rmid command to use command-line options, specified as properties overrides in the group descriptor or as options in the CommandEnvironment when starting the activation group.When granting the rmid command permission to execute various commands and options, the permissions ExecPermission and ExecOptionPermission must be granted to all code sources.
ExecPermission
The ExecPermission class represents permission for the rmid command to execute a specific command to start an activation group.
Syntax: The name of an ExecPermission is the path name of a command to grant the rmid command permission to execute. A path name that ends in a slash (/) and an asterisk (*) indicates that all of the files contained in that directory where slash is the file-separator character, File.separatorChar. A path name that ends in a slash (/) and a minus sign (-) indicates all files and subdirectories contained in that directory (recursively). A path name that consists of the special token <<ALL FILES>> matches any file.
A path name that consists of an asterisk (*) indicates all the files in the current directory. A path name that consists of a minus sign (-) indicates all the files in the current directory and (recursively) all files and subdirectories contained in the current directory.
ExecOptionPermission
The ExecOptionPermission class represents permission for the rmid command to use a specific command-line option when starting an activation group. The name of an ExecOptionPermission is the value of a command-line option.
Syntax: Options support a limited wild card scheme. An asterisk signifies a wild card match, and it can appear as the option name itself (matches any option), or an asterisk (*) can appear at the end of the option name only when the asterisk (*) follows a dot (.) or an equals sign (=).
For example: * or -Dmydir.* or -Da.b.c=* is valid, but *mydir or -Da*b or ab* is not.
Policy file for rmid
When you grant the rmid command permission to execute various commands and options, the permissions ExecPermission and ExecOptionPermission must be granted to all code sources (universally). It is safe to grant these permissions universally because only the rmid command checks these permissions.
An example policy file that grants various execute permissions to the rmid command is:
grant { permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecPermission "/files/apps/java/jdk1.7.0/solaris/bin/java"; permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecPermission "/files/apps/rmidcmds/*"; permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission "-Djava.security.policy=/files/policies/group.policy"; permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission "-Djava.security.debug=*"; permission com.sun.rmi.rmid.ExecOptionPermission "-Dsun.rmi.*";};The first permission granted allows the rmid tcommand o execute the 1.7.0 release of the java command, specified by its explicit path name. By default, the version of the java command found in java.home is used (the same one that the rmid command uses), and does not need to be specified in the policy file. The second permission allows the rmid command to execute any command in the directory /files/apps/rmidcmds.
The third permission granted, an ExecOptionPermission, allows the rmid command to start an activation group that defines the security policy file to be /files/policies/group.policy. The next permission allows the java.security.debug property to be used by an activation group. The last permission allows any property in the sun.rmi property name hierarchy to be used by activation groups.
To start the rmid command with a policy file, the java.security.policy property needs to be specified on the rmid command line, for example:
rmid -J-Djava.security.policy=rmid.policy.
<policyClassName>
If the default behavior is not flexible enough, then an administrator can provide, when starting the rmid command, the name of a class whose checkExecCommand method is executed to check commands to be executed by the rmid command.
The policyClassName specifies a public class with a public, no-argument constructor and an implementation of the following checkExecCommand method:
public void checkExecCommand(ActivationGroupDesc desc, String[] command) throws SecurityException;Before starting an activation group, the rmid command calls the policy's checkExecCommand method and passes to it the activation group descriptor and an array that contains the complete command to start the activation group. If the checkExecCommand throws a SecurityException, then the rmid command does not start the activation group and an ActivationException is thrown to the caller attempting to activate the object.
none
If the sun.rmi.activation.execPolicy property value is none, then the rmid command does not perform any validation of commands to start activation groups.
Specifies the name of the directory the activation system daemon uses to write its database and associated information. The log directory defaults to creating a log, in the directory in which the rmid command was executed.
Specifies the port the registry uses. The activation system daemon binds the ActivationSystem, with the name java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem, in this registry. The ActivationSystem on the local machine can be obtained using the following Naming.lookup method call:
import java.rmi.*; import java.rmi.activation.*; ActivationSystem system; system = (ActivationSystem) Naming.lookup("//:port/java.rmi.activation.ActivationSystem");
Stops the current invocation of the rmid command for a port specified by the -port option. If no port is specified, then this option stops the rmid invocation running on port 1098.
Used to provide the system a path to user-defined classes. Directories are separated by colons, for example: .:/usr/local/java/classes.
Setting the Class Path