keyboard - keyboard configuration file
The keyboard file describes the properties of the keyboard. It is read by setupcon(1) in order to configure the keyboard on the console. In Debian systems the default keyboard layout is described in /etc/default/keyboard and it is shared between X and the console.
The specification of the keyboard layout in the keyboard file is based on the
options XkbModel, XkbLayout, XkbVariant and XkbOptions. Unfortunately, there is little documentation how to use them. Description of all possible values for these options can be found in the file xorg.lst.
You might want to read “The XKB Configuration Guide” by Kamil Toman and Ivan U. Pascal:
Other possible readings are:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/X_KeyBoard_extension
http://pascal.tsu.ru/en/xkb/
http://www.charvolant.org/~doug/xkb/
The complete XKB-specification can be found on
The file keyboard consists of variable settings in
format:
VARIABLE=VALUE
Only one assignment is allowed per line. Comments (starting with '#') are also allowed.
The following variables can be set.
Specifies the
keyboard model name. Default: pc105 on most platforms.
Specifies the
keyboard layout name. This is usually the country or language type of the keyboard. Default: us on most platforms
Specifies the
keyboard variant components. These can be used to further specify the keyboard layout details. Default: not set.
Specifies the
keyboard option components. Options usually relate to the behavior of the special keys
Default: not set.
Determines the behavior of
and
keys on the console. Allowed values: bs, del and guess. In most cases you can specify guess here, in which case the current terminal settings and the kernel of your operating system will be used to determine the correct value. Value bs specifies VT100-conformant behavior:
will generate ^H
and
will generate ^?
Value del specifies VT220-conformant behavior:
will generate ^?
and
will generate a special function sequence.
Usually this variable will be unset but if you don't want to use a
layout on the console, you can specify an alternative keymap here. Specify a file that is suitable as input for loadkeys(1) on Linux or for kbdcontrol(1) on FreeBSD.
The standard location of the keyboard file is /etc/default/keyboard. Description of all available keyboard models, layouts, variants and options is available in /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg.lst. In most cases, in /usr/share/keymaps/ or /usr/share/syscons/keymaps/ you will find several keymaps that can be used with the variable KMAP.
In Debian systems, changes in /etc/default/keyboard do not become immediately visible to X. You should either reboot the system, or use
udevadm trigger --subsystem-match=input --action=change
In order to activate the changes on the console, run setupcon(1).
When a triple-layout is used on the console, i.e. a layout with three
groups, then the group toggling happens in the following way: Group1 -> Group2 -> Group1 -> Group3.
On FreeBSD triple- and quadruple-layouts are not supported on the console (only the first and the second layout are taken into account).
The option grp:shifts_toggle is not supported on the console.
The following configuration will give you the standard
layout (us). The key
will act as a compose key (compose:menu) and
will act as third control key (ctrl:nocaps).
XKBLAYOUT=us
XKBVARIANT=
XKBOPTIONS=compose:menu,ctrl:nocaps
In the following configuration the right
key (grp:toggle) will toggle between
layout (us) and Greek (gr) layout. The option grp_led:scroll is ignored on the console but in X in means to use the ScrollLock keyboard led as indicator for the current layout (US or Greek).
XKBLAYOUT=us,gr
XKBVARIANT=
XKBOPTIONS=grp:toggle,grp_led:scroll
In the following configuration the
key combination will toggle (grp:ctrl_shift_toggle) between French keyboard (fr) without dead keys (nodeadkeys) and British (gb) “Dvorak” (dvorak) keyboard. The right
key will be a compose-key (compose:rwin) and the right
key will function as AltGr (lv3:lalt_switch).
XKBLAYOUT=fr,gb
XKBVARIANT=nodeadkeys,dvorak
XKBOPTIONS=grp:ctrl_shift_toggle,compose:rwin,lv3:ralt_switch
setupcon(1), ckbcomp(1), console-setup(5), loadkeys(1), kbdcontrol(1)